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In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of energy states that
the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to
be conserved over time.[1] This law, first proposed and tested by Émilie
du Châtelet, means that energy can neither be created nor destroyed;
rather, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to
another. For instance, chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy
when a stick of dynamite explodes. If one adds up all forms of energy
that were released in the explosion, such as the kinetic energy and
potential energy of the pieces, as well as heat and sound, one will get
the exact decrease of chemical energy in the combustion of the dynamite.
Classically, conservation of energy was distinct from conservation of
mass; however, special relativity showed that mass is related to energy
and vice versa by E = mc2, and science now takes the view that
mass–energy as a whole is conserved. Theoretically, this implies that
any object with mass can itself be converted to pure energy, and vice
versa, though this is believed to be possible only under the most
extreme of physical conditions, such as likely existed in the universe
very shortly after the Big Bang or when black holes emit Hawking
radiation.